In some crop plants male sterile mutants occur in which inheritance of male sterility follows one of the following two patterns. Genetic analysis of russian dandelion f 3 progeny, testing cytoplasmic inheritance of male sterility and nuclear inheritance of a restorer of fertility rf gene. Genomic structural variationmediated allelic suppression. On the basis of the shape and staining pattern of pollen grains, 22 cytoplasmic genetic male sterile lines of 5 different cytosterility systems in rice could.
As a maternally inherited characteristic, cytoplasmic male sterility cms plays a major role in crop heterosis research and practice. Genetic variation is necessary for crop improvement. In many instances, male sterility can be recovered by nuclearencoded restorer of fertility rf. Male sterility and restorer genes in maize springerlink. A joint segregation analysis of the inheritance of. In this type, male sterility is controlled by a single gene and is recessive to fertility, so that the f 1 individuals would be fertile. Cytoplasmicgenetic male sterility gene provides direct evidence for.
The pollen sterility that is caused by nuclear genes is termed as genic or genetic male sterility. Cytoplasmic male sterility an introduction to genetic. The search for malesterility system started during early 1980s. Within sorghum, there are several different cytoplasmic male sterility systems and it is important to determine early in development if cytoplasm will affect agronomic performance or composition characters. In tetraploid cotton, male sterility is governed by both recessive and dominant genes. In cotton, all three types of male steriles are found. Cytoplasmic male sterility an overview sciencedirect. Blast basic local alignment search tool analysis indicated that lsp1, a. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybridseedinselfpollinatingcropspecies, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration.
Sally mackenzie, in plant biotechnology and agriculture, 2012. The current studies suggest that cms is caused by mutations in the correlated genes in the mitochondrial genome and inhibited by fertility restorer genes in the nuclear genome. Male sterility in plants is often cytoplasmically based and maternally inherited. Yamamoto, hiroaki matsuhira, kazuyoshi kitazaki and tomohiko kubo laboratory of genetic engineering, faculty of agriculture, hokkaido university, sapporo. The hybrid contains cytoplasmic male sterility cms genes and the heterozygous restorer of fertility rf genes.
Cms can be suppressed by specific nuclear genes called restorers of fertility rfs. Cytoplasmic male sterility is total or partial male sterility in plants as the result of specific nuclear and mitochondrial interactions. In cytoplasmic genetic male sterilitybased cgms hybrid seed production, instability of expression of malesterility and fertility restoration across a wide range. Restoreroffertility rf genes are a critical component within the cmsrf system. Genetic and molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility. Genetic male sterility male sterility determined by single recessive gene 40 loci involved have been identified ms1 to ms52 ms5 cloned problem. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is not only important for exploiting heterosis in crop plants, but also as a model for investigating nuclearcytoplasmic interaction. In the f 2 generation, the fertile and sterile individuals will segregate in 3. The recent achievements in breeding cytoplasmicnuclear malesterile cms systems have paved the way to develop commercial hybrids in this crop. Cytoplasmic male sterility cytoplasmic male sterility as the name indicates is under extra nuclear genetic control. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms in plants is a maternally inherited inability to produce functional pollen.
Hybrid seed is produced from a cross between two genetically different lines. Cytoplasmicnuclear male sterility cms, a potential system for economical hybrid. Pdf development of an effective cytoplasmic genetic male sterility. Breeders produce hybrid seed using a cms system by developing female lines that carry cms cytoplasm but lack restorer genes and by developing male lines. In maize, male sterility can result from either nuclear or mitochondrial gene mutation. In many cases, it has been found that male fertility can be restored by nuclear encoded fertility restorer rf genes. Genetic male sterility produces nonfunctional androeciums or absence of pollen in plants in several ways. Thus, if there is a difference, then the best system can be deployed. The inheritance of rf genes in the two progenies was controlled by two major additivedominant. A case of cytoplasmic male sterility controlled by a restoration gene rf was found in cultivated rice, oryza sativa l. Genetic and molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility in maize parvez a. A classification of male sterility in general male.
The failure of pollen formation results in male sterile plants. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration ncbi. A cryptic cytoplasmic male sterility unveils a possible. Cytoplasmic male sterility in several crops like maize zea mays and many other plants, cytoplasmic control of male sterility is known. Cms provides an expedient mechanism to produce large populations of malesterile plants. Genetic analysis of male sterility obtained from a rice cultivar lebed backcrossed with taichung 65 tetsuya murakami, tomohiko kazama and kinya toriyama abstract background. Significant advantages of the results of this conversion technique include. While cms is controlled by an extranuclear genome, nuclear gene may have the capability to restore fertility. Genetics and breeding system for cytoplasmic and genetic male. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration plant cell. Cytoplasmic genetic male sterility cgms whenpollen sterility is controlled by both cytoplasmic and nuclear genes is known as cgms. Main features of genetic male sterility are given below. Identification of genes involved in male sterility in. In the majority of cases, rf genes produce proteins that.
The development of the biomass sorghum hybrid seed industry is contingent on the use of cytoplasmic male sterility. Classification of male sterility in general, male sterility is divided into three different types. Cytoplasmic male sterility is used in agriculture to facilitate the production of hybrid seed. Cms is associated with mitochondrial dna mutation, novel chimeric open reading frames orfs, and rearrangement of coding and noncoding regions of the mitochondrial genome. The fertility restorer gene,r, is generally dominant and is found in certain strain of the species or may be tranfered from related species. Pdf the work on development of cytoplasmic genetic male sterility cms system through conventional breeding was initiated in 1993 at the directorate. The open reading frames are indicated as tall rectangles, non coding. Another form of male sterility not under the sole influence of male nuclear genes is called cytoplasmic male sterility cms. A cytoplasmic male sterility cms system is one of the most efficient ways to produce f 1 hybrid seeds in pepper capsicum annuum. Intercrossing fertile plants with s cytoplasm produced both 3. For two decades 19501970 it was one of the chief methods of replacing. One of these is termed structural and includes structural malformation of stamens into pistils, nondehiscence of anthers.
This system relies on cytoplasmic factors and organelle genes nonmendelian inheritance to adversely affect development of one or more types of cells in the anther during some stage of microsporogen. Cytoplasmicgenetic male sterility gene provides direct evidence for some hybrid rice recently evolving into weedy rice. Genetic engineering of male sterility for hybrid seed. The genetic basis of hybrid male sterility in sympatric primulina species article pdf available in bmc evolutionary biology 201 december 2020 with 35 reads how we measure reads.
In cotton, gms has been reported in upland, egyptian and arboreumcottons. Genetic variability in traitspecific rice germplasm. Cytoplasmic male sterility in russian dandelion in. The use of cytoplasmic male sterility for hybrid seed. Cytoplasmic genetic male sterility this is a case of cytoplasmic male sterility, for which a nuclear gene for restoring fertility in male sterile line is known.
Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited defect of higher plants in the production of functional pollen. Hybrid sterility hs, including male and female sterilities reflects the genetic incompatibility between evolutionarily divergent populations in the same or different species. Cytoplasmic male sterility an introduction to genetic analysis. The resulting conversions from this method will have 100% of the nuclear genetic component of the converted inbred in a male sterile cytoplasm c or sd. Pigeonpea composite collection and identification of. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of. The inheritance of rf genes in pepper by joint segregation analysis was examined. Cytoplasmicgenetic male sterility gene provides direct.
Cytoplasm has no effect on the yield and quality of. Understanding the mitochondrial genome is often the first and key step in unraveling the molecular and genetic basis of. Effect of genetic background of blines on male sterility has been found in case of. In some cases, mitochondrialencoded cms genes have been linked to undesirable, plastidencoded traits, and nuclear restoreroffertility alleles have been. Over 20 nuclear gene mutations that confer a malesterile phenotype have been identified. Training manual on development of cultivars and seed production. The pollen sterility that is caused by nuclear genes is termed as genic or. Broadening genetic diversity of the japanese potato gene pool.
Male sterile plants produce no functional pollen, but do produce viable eggs. Male sterility in tomato lycopersicon esculentum mill. Cgms was first discovered by jones and davis 1944 in onion. If the female parent is male sterile having plasma gene for male sterility the f1 progeny would always be male sterile. Cms is conditioned by gainoffunction mitochondrial genome mutations, giving rise to novel mitochondrial proteins and facilitating the use of cms in hybrid crop seed. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited inability to produce functional pollen found in numerous flowering plant species. Genetic variability in traitspecific rice germplasm groups based on coefficient of parentage, ssr markers and fertility restoration volume issue 1 pawan khera, akhilesh kumar singh, rahul priyadarshi, durga khandekar, rajani k allu, chitkale hiremath, raj kumar, rashmi mohan, k. The extensive use of few parents in crop improvement is contrary to the.
The success in development of nuclear or genetic malesterile gms lines showed a ray of hope for development of cms lines. Molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility in beets. Some examples of cytoplasmic male sterility genes identi fi ed in different plant species. Icrisats genebank conserves,632 accessions of pigeonpea. Mechanisms of genic male sterility iowa state university. Male sterility is a useful agronomic trait for breeding of selfpollinating crops and is often observed in. The use of genetic engineering has potential to open new vistas for the production of novel varieties of oil crops. Table s1, with an average intermarker spacing of 1. The former is referred to as genic male sterility and the latter as cytoplasmic male sterility cms.
Mapping a malefertility restoration locus for the a4. Male sterility different types genetic, cytoplasmic and cytoplasmic genetic male sterility inheritance and maintenance 20. Cms is generally caused by aberrant mitochondrial genes that are often chimeric in structure and frequently cotranscribed with conventional mitochondrial genes hanson and bentolila, 2004. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration cytoplasmic male sterility cms, a condition under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants. They show nonmendelian inheritance and are under the regulation of cytoplasmic factors. Male sterility is the failure of plants to produce functional anthers, pollen, or male gametes. Genetic and molecular basis of sterility in maize 51 sarkar, 1991. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally transmitted trait, whereby a plant is unable to produce viable pollen.
Studies have revealed that this trait is a tool for enabling efficient and reliable coexistence between genetically modified gm and nongm cultivation by biocontainment of gm maize zea mays l. The male sterility which is governed by both nuclear and cytoplasmic genes is known as cytoplasmic genetic male sterility or cgms. We have created nuclear male sterility through genetic engineering of anther specific gene, bcp1. This is not a very common type of male sterile system in the plant kingdom. This male sterility is controlled by the interaction of cytoplasm and nuclear genes. Cms may be caused by mutations, rearrangement or recombination in the mitochondrial genome. Pollen sterility which is caused by nuclear genes is called genetic male sterility. The conversion technique used is the indeterminate gametophyte ig system involving paternal haploids and cytoplasmic male sterility. The initial discovery of cytoplasmic male sterile cms threeline system made it possible to produce hybrids that significantly increase rice. Stability of pollen sterility in cytoplasmicgenetic male sterile lines in. Fertility restoration in cytoplasmicnuclear malesterile. Frontiers the propensity of pentatricopeptide repeat. Male sterility is needed for the production of f1 hybrid seed.
The molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and. Cytoplasmic male sterility is passed down maternally. Extra credit assignment for plb 112 in which we hannah contois and amber tepe explain cytoplasmic male sterility. The larger the genetic diversity in the breeders gene pool, the greater the potential genetic gain kawano2003. Male sterility male sterility plants produce nonfunctional pollen 4 types of male sterility nuclear male sterility due to nuclear genes cytoplasmic male sterility based on cytoplasmic genes only cytoplasmicgenetic male sterility interaction between nuclear and cytoplasmic mitochondrial genes geneenvironment induced male sterility thermosensitive or photosensitive not. Male sterility utilization of male sterile lines in hybrid seed production their limitations, advantages and disadvantages 21.
This phenomenon exists in bean 2, 3, petunia, sorghum, and rice. The source material for these genetic stocks was isolated from an archetypical shattercane population found near lincoln, ne. Hardy weinberg law factors affecting equilibrium frequencies in random mating. In any case, the spread of the male sterilecytoplasm. New sources of cytoplasmicgenetic male sterility in cultivated indica. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is the maternally inherited inability of a plant to produce or shed viable pollen. The male sterilizing factors usually consist of unusual genes or open reading frames encoded by the mitochondrial genome. The use of cytoplasmic male sterility for hybrid seed production. Several cmsassociated aberrant genes are located upstream or downstream of.
Stability of cytoplasmic genetic male sterility and fertility. Chromosomal location of genetic male sterility genes in four mutants of hexaploid wheat. Includes information about the cause of the mutation, its biological. Cytoplasmically inherited male sterility cms results from an interaction between the organellar and nuclear genomes that conditions the failure to produce functional pollen. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms and the corresponding nuclear fertility restoration sterility maintenance genes rfs are essential tools for economic hybrid seed production in pearl millet. Several studies have reported that chimeric open reading frames orfs in the mitochondrial genome cause cms in a variety of higher plant species dewey et al. Cytoplasmic male sterility is used in agriculture to facilitate the production of hybrid. On a global level, cytoplasmic male sterility cms and cytoplasmic genetic male sterility cgms are the most widely utilized in the majority of vegetables. Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes between the. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a widespread phenotype in plants, which present a defect in the production of functional pollen. Release of these genetic stocks makes available shattercane lines with both a cytoplasmic male sterility, and genetic nuclear male sterility to facilitate crossing.
282 156 1639 126 1157 735 342 168 792 850 1650 730 385 124 1565 1264 1077 744 1009 697 1192 1053 712 124 1132 898 1456 1007 649 1212 1378 696 1542 840 1214 1425 460 970 1125 910 439 854 697